Which authors described developmental models appropriate for beginning nursing students?

• A. Bandura
• B. Cohen and Hinshaw
• C. Benner
• D. Kolb

Answer: (B)

Developmental models in nursing education map how learners grow from beginners to more advanced practitioners. Cohen and Hinshaw proposed a framework that targets beginning nursing students, outlining stages and teaching strategies that align with novices’ needs and help faculty scaffold early learning. This makes their work particularly applicable when the focus is on models described for beginners. In contrast, Bandura centers on social cognitive theory and self-efficacy, Kolb presents a general experiential learning cycle, and Benner describes the novice-to-expert progression in clinical performance—useful concepts but not specifically the beginner-focused developmental framework highlighted here.