Who founded the Frontier Nursing Service in 1925, focusing on rural health and maternal care?

• A. Lillian Wald
• B. Florence Nightingale
• C. Mary Breckenridge
• D. Mary Mahoney

Answer: (C)

Mary Breckenridge is the one who founded the Frontier Nursing Service in 1925 to address rural health and maternal care. She established nurse-midwives who traveled to isolated communities in Appalachia, creating a durable model of care that combined skilled obstetric services with nursing and public health to reduce maternal and infant mortality. This work helped establish nurse-midwifery as a professional specialty and highlighted the importance of accessible, community-based care for pregnant people and families in rural areas. Lillian Wald is known for urban public health nursing in New York City, Florence Nightingale helped shape modern nursing and hospital reform, and Mary Mahoney was a pioneering Black nurse and advocate for equality.